中国重型武装直升机首次亮相?美媒:如同“阿帕奇”和“浩劫”的混合版
以下文章来源于空天力量,作者愤怒熊猫
长期以来由于动力系统的不足,中国缺乏类似美国“阿帕奇”和俄罗斯米-28“浩劫”那样的重型武装直升机。吨位最大的直-10只能算是中型武装直升机,在载弹量、装甲防护和最大航程方面与世界一流水平仍有一定差距。但根据西方媒体报道,社交媒体上流传的一组照片显示,中国重型武装直升机首次亮相,它与直-20通用直升机存在明显血缘关系。
美国“动力”网站21日称,中国这款重型武装直升机在设计理念上与美国AH-64“阿帕奇”大致相同,似乎是从直-20多用途通用运输直升机发展而来,该项目可能被命名为直-21。报道称,这种关系证明解放军希望尽快部署一种比现役型号更重、更强大的武装直升机。
从社交媒体上出现的照片来看,这架新型武装直升机正在飞行,最明显的是方形的“脸颊”整流罩,与AH-64D/E上采用的类似设计一样,从机头延伸到尾梁。虽然该机的整体外形与直-10武装直升机的细长机身形成鲜明对比,但其机身仍然比直-20纤细得多,这是为了满足大多数现代武装直升机经典的串联双座布置方式。
报道称,直-21的尾部特征能证明它与直-20的血缘关系,两者的整体设计几乎相同。短翼遵循类似型号的设计,似乎已经安装了挂架,可能还携带了试飞设备。同时,机头还装有空气数据探测器,这是新机型试飞中常见的配置。到目前为止,似乎还没有安装机炮,未来可能会加装。此外,该机的发动机排气向上,这通常是在被地面防空系统跟踪时为减少红外特征而采取的措施。
珠海航展上的直-20
美媒称,未经证实的说法显示,直-21采用与直-20相同的动力装置和旋翼系统。最初,直-20是作为中国人民解放军地面部队的通用运输直升机,此后直-20进一步发展出武装型和反潜型,并考虑了更多型号。
值得注意的是,这类情况并不罕见,大量采用直-20的现有部件有助于加速重型武装直升机的研制计划,并降低研发风险。根据一些未经证实的说法,直-21计划在两到三年的时间内服役。美国AH-1“眼镜蛇”系列武装直升机就是由UH-1“休伊”通用直升机演变而来。H-60/S-70“黑鹰”还有一个从未实现的武装直升机衍生型号——S-71。苏联武装直升机也采用了类似的发展路线,米-24“雌鹿”武装直升机就是由米-14直升机改进而来。
美国S-71武装直升机
中国军事航空航天观察家兼作家安德烈亚斯·鲁普雷希特表示,早在1月就有关于直-21首飞的传闻,“但之前传闻暗示这是一款重型共轴反桨设计,类似隐形设计的卡-52‘短吻鳄’或SB-1‘无畏’。另一方面,我们将直-20视为搭载与新型武装直升机设计相关的武器、机炮和传感器的测试平台。事实上,如果我们简单地将它们放在一起,我们可能会更快地认识到新型武装直升机看起来更像是直-20的衍生设计。”
报道称,多年来,解放军一直缺乏真正的武装直升机。早在20世纪90年代初,就有人建议中国可能会购买外国制造的重型武装直升机,即苏联设计的米-24。解放军确实也引进了米-17运输直升机的武装版本。
直-20的武装型号
但最终解放军选择了自行研制,并相继推出了直-10和更轻的直-19两种专用武装直升机,它们的关系类似于美国“阿帕奇”和OH-58D“奇奥瓦”,两者可以一起行动,由后者进行武装侦察和目标指示。由于外形尺寸和动力系统的限制,这些直升机无法提供像“阿帕奇”那样的重型武装直升机可以提供的功能,尤其是弹药承载力方面的表现。报道称,动力系统的缺陷限制了直-10的进一步发展,“未经证实的消息称,巴基斯坦对直-10进行了评估,它在炎热和高海拔环境中存在动力不足的现象,可能是导致巴基斯坦拒绝装备这种中国武装直升机的原因。”
但这种局面终于得到改善。随着中国航空发动机的不断发展,现在可以更好地生产涡轮轴发动机,为直-20/直-21等重型直升机提供动力。
美媒猜测,直-21重型武装直升机有望在台海冲突中扮演关键角色。同时它也可以部署在中印边境地区,“直升机在这种环境中因为可以快速调动部队,并可以执行后勤和紧急救援工作而备受重视”。此外,由于直-10已经在海上环境中进行了测试,直-21也有很大潜力用于沿海作战。它既可以在陆地上发挥作用,也适于各种跳岛作战。并可以部署在南海的人造岛屿上,“可能会决定未来南海冲突的胜负”。
美中俄三种重型武装直升机侧视照对比
需要强调的是,目前关于中国重型武装直升机的消息都只是网络传言,还没有得到官方证实,美媒的报道只是一家之言,笔者无法也不能证实其真伪。但从常理判断,在近年爆发的俄乌冲突等一系列大规模局部冲突中可以发现,重型武装直升机的战场地位正在持续下降,它的作用正逐渐被廉价无人机/巡飞弹替代。正是受此影响,美国新一代直升机型号的研制标准也在调整,折腾已久的“未来攻击/侦察直升机”项目直接被取消,未来是否有必要重新研制一款复杂而昂贵的武装直升机也值得思考。在这种背景下,中国不再追求在此领域实现赶超,而是直接利用直-20的技术研制对标美俄现役重型武装直升机的型号,以满足当前和未来一段时间内的战场需求,不失为一种应急的好办法。
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#8183ff;--weui-WHITE: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-LINK: #7d90a9;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #259c5c;--weui-FG: #fff;--weui-BG: #000;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px) and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) .wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not(.pages_skin_pc) body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--appmsgExtra-BG: #121212}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not([data-weui-theme=light]).my_comment_empty_data{background-color:#111}}body,.wx-root{--weui-BG-6: rgba(0, 0, 0, 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